About the Author

Atty. Alberto “Al” C. Agra is an authority on administrative, local government, and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) laws. He has been teacher and advocate of the local government law for 32 years and serves as a bar reviewer on the subject. He is the principal author of Amicus Imperiorum Locorum. He is also a professor and bar reviewer on administrative law. Agra is a Certified PPP Specialist™ and a PPP law professor. Since 2011, he has conducted hundreds of seminars on published dozens of infographics on PPP and crafted a template ordinance for arrangements not covered under the PPP Code. He also launched PPP guide for local governments, titled Casa Agra. Recrafted.

Latest from the Author

1 Oct 2026

11:54AM

INSIDER VIEW | PPP contracts are also agreements of trust

By: Alberto Agra

A Public-Private Partnership (PPP) contract is commonly viewed as a commercial agreement between government and a private partner. It allocates risks, defines obligations, establishes payment or revenue mechanisms and prescribes remedies for breach.

14 Sep 2026

8:32AM

INSIDER VIEW | Protester risk: A challenge PPPs cannot ignore

By: Alberto Agra

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are long-term arrangements. A project may be carefully studied, competitively awarded, and legally compliant, yet encounter serious difficulties after the contract has been signed.

1 Sep 2026

10:11AM

INSIDER VIEW | Waste-to-energy projects: Public funding or PPP?

By: Alberto Agra

The mounting solid waste problem confronting our cities and municipalities, particularly in the aftermath of typhoons and amid inadequate flood control infrastructure, requires us to look beyond traditional methods of waste collection and disposal.

13 Aug 2026

9:17AM

INSIDER VIEW | The Bane of unsolicited PPP proposals

By: Alberto Agra

Unsolicited proposals have become an established feature of the Philippine Public-Private Partnership (PPP) framework. Under Republic Act No. 11966, or the PPP Code, they are lawful and can serve as an important avenue for innovation, allowing the private sector to propose projects that the government has not yet identified or prioritized.

1 Aug 2026

8:16AM

INSIDER VIEW | Police power and the limits of PPP regulation

By: Alberto Agra

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are designed to harness private sector resources, expertise, and innovation in delivering infrastructure and services for the public. While the government possesses broad regulatory authority over PPP projects through its police power, that authority is not without constitutional limits.

20 Jul 2026

12:27PM

INSIDER VIEW | The four eras of Philippine PPP policy

By: Alberto Agra

The evolution of the Philippine Public-Private Partnership (PPP) framework reflects the government's continuing efforts to harness private sector participation in delivering public infrastructure, public services, and development projects.

2 Jul 2026

8:01AM

INSIDER VIEW | The overlooked electoral dimension of PPPs

By: Alberto Agra

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are usually discussed in terms of infrastructure, finance, and service delivery. Yet PPPs also possess an important but often overlooked electoral dimension.

1 Jun 2026

1:49PM

INSIDER VIEW | Development and usufructuary rights in PPPs

By: Alberto Agra

The issue of usufruct fees in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) revolves around their legal basis, characterization, and treatment under the PPP Code (Republic Act No. 11966), its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), and other applicable laws.

19 May 2026

8:50AM

INSIDER VIEW | Understanding PPPs in public utilities

By: Alberto Agra

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) play a vital role in the development, modernization, operation, and expansion of public utilities in the Philippines.